一种机载雷达大范围前视扫描成像新方法

    A New Method for Large Range Forward Scanning Imaging of Airborne Radar

    • 摘要: 扫描模式是机载雷达常用的工作模式之一,通过大范围扫描以及成像信号处理技术,机载雷达能够获取大范围场景的高分辨图像,在侦察、火控、自主导航中具有重要价值。多普勒波束锐化(DBS)作为雷达扫描中常用的成像技术,利用平台与目标的相对运动产生多普勒频移差异提升方位分辨率,但在前视方向因多普勒梯度下降导致分辨率骤降。单脉冲成像技术通过处理通道相位比值实现高精度实时成像,能够解决前视成像分辨率下降问题,但这种方法在扫描的侧视、斜视区域的分辨率却不及DBS。为此,本文提出一种同时兼顾前视区域与斜视区域分辨率提升的大范围扫描成像方法:通过分解回波信号,结合平台运动参数动态划分DBS有效区间与单脉冲高置信区间,实现成像模式的动态切换,同时引入Burg算法提升成像锐化比。仿真与实测实验表明:该方法利用了两种技术各自的优势,满足了大范围前视成像的需求,显著提高了复杂场景成像的清晰度。

       

      Abstract: Scanning mode is one of the commonly employed operational modes for airborne radar. Utilizing wide-area scanning and imaging signal processing techniques, airborne radar can acquire high-resolution images of large scenes, providing significant value in reconnaissance, fire control, and autonomous navigation. Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS), a widely used imaging technique in radar scanning, enhances azimuth resolution by exploiting the Doppler frequency shift differences generated by the relative motion between the platform and targets. However, its resolution degrades drastically in the forward-looking direction due to the reduction in Doppler gradient. Monopulse imaging technology achieves high-precision, real-time imaging by processing the phase ratio between channels, effectively addressing the resolution degradation problem for forward-looking imaging. Nevertheless, this method yields inferior resolution compared to DBS in the side-looking and squint-looking regions of the scan. To address this, this paper proposes a wide-area scanning imaging method that simultaneously enhances resolution in both forward-looking and squint-looking regions: By decomposing the echo signal and dynamically partitioning the effective DBS zone and the monopulse high-confidence region based on platform motion parameters, dynamic switching between imaging modes is achieved. Additionally, the Burg algorithm is introduced to improve the image sharpening ratio. Simulations and measured data tests demonstrate that the proposed method leverages the respective advantages of both techniques, meets the requirements for large-scale forward-looking imaging, and significantly enhances the clarity of complex scene imagery.

       

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