基于广义逆高斯与非齐次泊松过程的PHD多扩展目标跟踪方法

    PHD Filter based Multiple Extended Targets Using Generalized Inverse Gaussian Distribution with Non-homogeneous Poisson Process

    • 摘要: 针对多扩展目标的量测率建模的局限性,提出了一种基于非齐次泊松过程(Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process, NHPP)量测建模和随机有限集框架下概率假设密度(Probability Hypothesis Density , PHD)滤波器的具备灵活和参数可扩展性的贝叶斯多扩展目标跟踪方法。对于多扩展目标跟踪来说,目标的量测和目标之间的关联是未知且时变的。为了动态捕捉这种变化,推导出了结合目标关联变量和泊松量测率的关联型NHPP贝叶斯跟踪框架。为了更灵活地对目标的泊松量测率进行建模,并保证基于PHD滤波器的闭式实现方法,提出采用如下建模:目标的量测率建模为广义逆高斯(Generalized Inverse Gaussian, GIG)分布,目标的运动状态建模为高斯分布,目标的扩展状态建模为逆威沙特分布。具体来说,把扩展目标量测率的GIG模型分为时间独立泊松率类型和非时间独立泊松率类型。对于时间独立泊松率建模,推导出了基于混合广义逆高斯-高斯逆威沙特(Generalized Inverse Gaussian-Gaussian Inverse Wishart, GIG-GIW)分布的解析实现方案;对于非时间独立泊松率建模,需要额外的采样步骤来辅助近似更新每个扩展目标的泊松量测率。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的基于上述两种建模的多扩展目标跟踪算法在目标运动状态、扩展状态以及量测率估计等关键性能指标上均取得显著提升。

       

      Abstract: To address the limitations of measurement rate modeling for multiple extended targets, this paper proposes a Bayesian multiple extended target tracking (METT) method with flexibility and parameter scalability. The method is based on measurement modeling using a Non-homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) and employs the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter within the random finite set (RFS) framework. For METT, the associations between measurements and targets are unknown and time-varying. To model the Poisson measurement rate of the target more flexibly and ensure the closed implementation method based on the PHD filter, the following modeling approach is adopted: the target's measurement rate is modeled as a Generalized Inverse Gaussian (GIG) distribution, the target's kinematic state is modeled as a Gaussian distribution, and the target's extened state is modeled as an Inverse Wishart (IW) distribution. Specifically, the GIG models for measurement rate of extended targets are divided into Time Independent Poisson Rate (TIPR) types and the Time Dependent Poisson Rate (TDPR) types. For TIPR modeling, an analytical implementation based on a mixture of Generalized Inverse Gaussian-Gaussian Inverse Wishart (GIG-GIW) distributions is derived. For TDPR modeling, additional sampling steps are required to assist in approximately updating the Poisson measurement rate of each extended target. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm achieves significant performance improvements across key performance indicators, including kinematic state, extended state, and measurement rate estimation of targets.

       

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