Abstract: As a critical component in aerospace Tracking, weapon testing, and space surveillance, the measurement accuracy of precision measurement radar is paramount to mission success. This paper establishes a comprehensive technical framework for radar calibration, providing a complete spectrum of content that includes terminology, operational environments, auxiliary equipment, and specific implementation methodologies. The objective is to offer both a theoretical foundation and practical engineering guidelines for guaranteeing radar precision. The study presents a thorough analysis of three primary calibration paradigms: conventional, integrated, and specialized, detailing the principles and workflows of their respective methods. Furthermore, it prospectively discusses the challenges and future development trends facing calibration technology, including cutting-edge directions such as intelligence, multi-source fusion, and novel calibration facilities. By providing a systematic guide for engineering practice and charting a course for future innovation, this research holds significant theoretical and applied value for the advancement of radar calibration technology.