某舰载雷达天线罩风载模拟与试验研究

    Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Wind Loads on a Naval Radar Radome

    • 摘要: 某舰载雷达天线罩安装于舰船桅杆外壁,在满足透波要求的同时,保护雷达免受外界恶劣环境影响,风载荷是天线罩服役过程中的主要力学载荷。传统舰载天线罩设计时,风载多采用工程经验值进行估算,未考虑天线罩附近区域棱边、凸起等舰体结构导致的绕流、分离等效应对风压载荷分布的影响,设计载荷与真实工况存在较大偏差。本文针对某舰载雷达天线罩,建立了包含桅杆及上层建筑的流体仿真模型,模拟天线罩区域复杂流场与风压分布,同时开展缩比模型风洞试验,精确获取不同风向下天线罩表面正负风压系数。结果表明数值仿真对正压工况的准确度高,平均风压系数误差小于5%;受涡流分离等效应影响,负压工况数值仿真结果误差较大,需经风洞试验修正。研究工作为天线罩精细化设计提供支撑,可为同类舰载天线罩载荷分析提供参考。

       

      Abstract: A shipborne radar radome is mounted on the outer wall of a ship mast. It protects the radar against harsh external environments while meeting electromagnetic wave transmission requirements, and wind load acts as the primary mechanical load during the service of the radome. In the traditional design of shipborne radomes, wind loads are mostly estimated using engineering empirical values. The effects such as flow around structures and flow separation induced by hull structures (edges, protrusions, etc.) near the radome on wind pressure load distribution are neglected, resulting in considerable deviations between design loads and actual operating conditions.In this paper, a fluid simulation model including the mast and superstructure is established for a specific shipborne radar radome to simulate the complex flow field and wind pressure distribution around the radome. Meanwhile, wind tunnel tests on a scaled model are carried out to accurately obtain the positive and negative wind pressure coefficients on the radome surface under various wind directions. The results indicate that numerical simulation achieves high accuracy for positive pressure conditions, with an average error of pressure coefficients less than 5%. Affected by vortex separation and other effects, notable errors exist in the numerical simulation results for negative pressure conditions, which need to be corrected using wind tunnel test data. This research supports the refined design of radomes and can provide a reference for load analysis of similar shipborne radomes.

       

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