双基SAR谱支撑区形成机理与分辨率分析

    FORMATION MECHANISMS OF SPECTRAL SUPPORT AND RESOLUTION ANALYSIS FOR BISTATIC SAR

    • 摘要: 双基合成孔径雷达通过收发分置获得灵活的观测构型和独特的散射信息,但复杂收发几何也使其波数域谱支撑区域难以直观表征,进而影响二维分辨率机理分析。本文面向远场任意构型双基SAR,系统研究其空间谱支撑和平面谱支撑的形成机制。通过解析空间采样极径向量的方向与幅度,构造等距频率球面模型(EFSM),刻画了双基SAR二维支撑谱的类扇环结构。基于该谱支撑构型,进一步建立距离向分辨率、方位向分辨率和二维分辨率夹角与谱支撑几何量之间的对应关系,从波数域角度给出双基SAR二维分辨率的几何解释。仿真结果表明,所得到的分辨率变化趋势与传统梯度法和点目标测量结果基本一致,验证了谱支撑几何解释的合理性,可为双基SAR分辨率分析和构型参数设计提供直观依据。

       

      Abstract: Bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) offers flexible observation geometries and distinctive scattering information by spatially separating the transmitter and receiver. However, its complex transmitter–receiver geometry makes the wavenumber-domain spectral support difficult to characterise intuitively, thereby complicating the analysis of two-dimensional resolution mechanisms. This study investigates the formation of spatial and planar spectral support regions for general far-field BiSAR configurations. The direction and magnitude of the spatial wavenumber-sampling vector are analysed to construct an equi-frequency sphere model (EFSM), which characterises the annular-sector-like geometry of the two-dimensional spectral support region. Based on this spectral-support geometry, relationships are established between the relevant geometric parameters and the range resolution, azimuth resolution, and angle between the two resolution directions. This formulation provides a geometric interpretation of two-dimensional BiSAR resolution in the wavenumber domain. Simulation results show that the predicted resolution trends agree well with those obtained using the conventional gradient method and point-target image measurements. These results support the validity of the spectral-support interpretation and provide an intuitive basis for BiSAR resolution analysis and geometric configuration design.

       

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