Abstract: The foreign object debris (FOD) detection and surveillance system for airport runway can detect and identify the FOD quickly and accurately, which has great significance for ensuring the flight safety in the airport. To solve the shortcomings of the single-sensor detection system, a new system which combining small high-resolution millimeter-wave radar and high-definition night vision camera, and developing the advantage of merging data of multisensor to obtain more characteristic information of FOD on airport runways is proposed in this paper. In addition, the adaptive dual-threshold Canny edge detection, Gaussian mixture model background construction and local threshold background subtraction algorithms used in the target detection module of the data processing sub-system is mainly discussed in this paper. The efficiency and accuracy of FOD detection for airport runway can be improved effectively by this system.