Abstract: Modern and future perception systems can acquire, utilize, and shape environmental situational information from different dimensions, and have important military and civilian value. Key technologies such as system architecture design, signal information processing, and resource management have received continuous attention from domestic and foreign researchers. In recent years, the development of technologies such as multi-functional integration and distributed collaboration has not only improved the perception system's ability to obtain information and adapt to the environment, but also brought more complex and severe pressure on system resource management. Resource management runs through the entire process of system deployment and operation, including many different links. Among them, node deployment, as the core basic link, has a wide range of influence and is difficult to adjust, which has received a lot of attention, and related research results are constantly emerging. From a mathematical perspective, perception system node deployment can be seen as the modeling and solving process of optimization problems. Based on the different complex factors and task requirements in application scenarios, this paper summarizes the typical technical challenges and corresponding research achievements faced by node deployment research in regular, dynamic, preference, communication constrained scenarios, as well as single task and multi task scenarios, including indicator design, model construction, and optimization algorithms, On this basis, the future technological development direction in this field is envisioned.