Abstract: The requirements for high-resolution radar imaging in complex electromagnetic environments is addressed by proposing an high-resolution range profile parameter estimation method based on single-pulse multi-carrier frequency modulated (MC-FM) signals. The core innovation lies in decomposing the single-pulse wideband signal into multiple subcarriers and employing sparse processing to construct a sparse representation model. Each target scattering point corresponds to an atomic component in the dictionary matrix, with orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm being adopted to achieve high-resolution range profile parameter estimation of scattering points. Meanwhile, compared with traditional single-pulse wideband frequency-hopping signals, this method significantly enhances anti-repeater-jamming capability through frequency diversity technology. When partial subcarriers are interfered, the remaining undisturbed frequency bands can still retain effective signal components, enabling satisfactory high-resolution range profile estimation under limited interference conditions. Simulation experiments using a 10-scatterer target model verify the method′s effectiveness, demonstrating that the sparse processing algorithm is well-suited for high-resolution range profile analysis of MC-FM signals. Notably, as the proposed single-pulse scheme eliminates the need for coherent accumulation, it proves particularly suitable for instantaneous imaging of high-speed moving targets.