Abstract: As human space exploration activities become more frequent, the number of spacecraft and debris in orbit is rapidly increasing, and monitoring equipment is correspondingly increasing. Therefore, optimizing scheduling models to achieve network optimization of monitoring systems has become one of the key focuses for the future. A method for constructing an effectiveness evaluation model of a space object collaborative monitoring system based on fuzzy theory is proposed in this papaer. An appropriate system evaluation index system is established based on the monitoring functions and performance of the system. The effectiveness value is calculated based on the factor weight set of the evaluation model, and a genetic algorithm-optimized back propagation neural network effectiveness evaluation meta-model is constructed, optimizing the weights iteratively to obtain the optimal weight set. The effectiveness of the space object collaborative monitoring system is evaluated using fuzzy evaluation methods and the maximum membership principle, and compared with existing evaluation methods, verifying that the fuzzy judgment model proposed in this paper based on fuzzy theory has higher accuracy and sensitivity. This model provides technical support for the design of monitoring equipment system construction plans and the optimal operation of equipment, enabling the monitoring network to achieve optimal operational effectiveness.