Abstract: Urban road collapses have caused serious economic loss and life security, refined detection methods are needed to identify potential hazards. The focus of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the seismic wavefield and the data processing method specifically for urban roads. Accurate imaging is achieved through the utilization of back-scattered waves surface waves, and reflected waves. A complete data processing procedure is established. The proposed data processing methods are applied to measured data to verify the reliability of the data processing methods. According to the results of model data and measured data, the following points can be summarized: The back-scattered wavefield has high transverse resolution and can achieve accurate transverse positioning of anomalous bodies such as voids, pipelines; The surface wave fast imaging method without inversion calculation can avoid multiple solutions and false anomalies, and improve transverse and longitudinal resolution; The stack section derived from the reflected wave enables the tracking of variation patterns in both the reflected and diffracted waves. This analysis allows for the assessment of lateral variation characteristics of physical interfaces and facilitates the identification of diffraction points. When integrated with the aforementioned three imaging methods, it becomes possible to analyze the relative changes in road asphalt layer, the thickness of backfill soil layer, as well as the transverse position and depth of cavities and pipelines. As towed seismic equipment continues to advance, the data processing techniques for back-scattered wave, surface wave, and reflected wave are increasingly utilized as effective detection methods for urban roads.