High Precision Spatial Localization Based on Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

With the rapid development of highly integrated and automated technologies in the aerospace field, and the gradual expansion of the satellite application market in commercial aerospace, the research, development, and deployment of low-Earth orbit (LEO) small satellite constellations have been intensified. For LEO small satellites launched in batches, traditional space surveillance systems need to consume substantial military resources for cataloging and orbit determination, which severely impacts the catalog maintenance and observation frequency of key satellites. This study relies on the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar (SYISR) to systematically conduct research on multi-station positioning method design, positioning model construction, and positioning accuracy verification, aiming to reduce the cataloging time of newly orbited targets by improving positioning accuracy. Simulation results show that the three-station layout of SYISR can achieve a positioning accuracy of better than 1 km in the common-view area for orbits with altitudes ranging from 500 km to 2000 km. Field verification (tracking laser-calibrated satellites such as Ajisai, Larets, and Saral) further confirms that the average positioning error of space targets in the common-view area is less than 0.8 km with a standard deviation of less than 0.2 km. This technology can significantly improve the orbit prediction accuracy of newly orbited targets, and provide an innovative means for the collaborative observation of low-latitude ionosphere and space targets. It holds great significance for national space security, commercial aerospace support, and space physics research.